Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (2024)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
  • C-C C Hung1,
  • J Luan2,
  • M Sims2,
  • J M Keogh1,
  • C Hall3,
  • N J Wareham2,
  • S O'Rahilly1 &
  • I S Farooqi1

International Journal of Obesity volume31,pages 429–434 (2007)Cite this article

  • 1433 Accesses

  • 33 Citations

  • Metrics details

Abstract

Objective:

The single-minded 1 (SIM1) is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, which plays a critical role in the development of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. SIM1-deficient mice have a hypocellular PVN and are severely obese with increased food intake.

Design:

We examined whether variants in the SIM1 gene might be associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Two hundred and seventy-seven subjects with hyperphagia and severe, early-onset obesity were screened. Association studies with common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SIM1 gene were performed in two population-based cohorts.

Results:

One novel missense mutation, I128T, was found in one obese subject and not in 192 controls. However, the variant did not co-segregate with obesity in the family. Four SNPs, IVS4+83GA, P352T, A371V and T653T, were also identified. The two common SNPs, P352T and A371V, which are in complete linkage disequilibrium, were genotyped in 981 subjects from a population-based cohort, the Ely Study. An allele frequency of 0.13 was observed. Male subjects carrying the P352T/A371V haplotype were found to have a slightly higher body mass index (BMI; P=0.038). Female subjects hom*ozygous for the haplotype gained more weight over a period of 4.5 and 10 years (P=0.003 and P=0.02, respectively). The association studies were repeated in another population-based cohort, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) – Norfolk Study with 4869 subjects successfully genotyped. Male subjects hom*ozygous for the P352T/A371V haplotype had slightly higher BMI (P=0.04).

Conclusion:

Mutations in SIM1 are not commonly found in humans with severe early-onset obesity. The relationship between the common variants in SIM1 with BMI and body weight gain deserves further exploration in other populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Access through your institution

Change institution

Buy or subscribe

Subscribe to this journal

Receive 12 print issues and online access

$259.00 per year

only $21.58 per issue

Learn more

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (1)
Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (2)

Similar content being viewed by others

Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (3)

The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology

Article 23 September 2021

Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (4)

Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease

Article Open access 04 April 2024

Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (5)

Loss-of-function mutations in MRAP2 are pathogenic in hyperphagic obesity with hyperglycemia and hypertension

Article 07 November 2019

Accession codes

Accessions

GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ

References

  1. Fan CM, Kuwana E, Bulfone A, Fletcher CF, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA et al. Expression patterns of two murine hom*ologs of Drosophila single-minded suggest possible roles in embryonic patterning and in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Mol Cell Neurosci 1996; 7: 1–16.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  2. Michaud JL, Rosenquist T, May NR, Fan CM . Development of neuroendocrine lineages requires the bHLH-PAS transcription factor SIM1. Genes Dev 12; 1998: 3264–3275.

    Google Scholar

  3. Michaud JL, Boucher F, Melnyk A, Gauthier F, Goshu E, Levy E et al. Sim1 haploinsufficiency causes hyperphagia, obesity and reduction of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10: 1465–1473.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  4. Holder Jr JL, Zhang L, Kublaoui BM, DiLeone RJ, Oz OK, Bair CH et al. Sim1 gene dosage modulates the homeostatic feeding response to increased dietary fat in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287: E105–E113.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  5. Holder Jr JL, Butte NF, Zinn AR . Profound obesity associated with a balanced translocation that disrupts the SIM1 gene. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9: 101–108.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  6. Turleau C, Demay G, Cabanis MO, Lenoir G, de Grouchy J . 6q1 monosomy: a distinctive syndrome. Clin Genet 1988; 34: 38–42.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  7. Villa A, Urioste M, Bofarull JM, Martinez-Frias ML . De novo interstitial deletion q16.2q21 on chromosome 6. Am J Med Genet 1995; 55: 379–383.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  8. Gilhuis HJ, van Ravenswaaij CM, Hamel BJ, Gabreels FJ . Interstitial 6q deletion with a Prader–Willi-like phenotype: a new case and review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2000; 4: 39–43.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  9. Faivre L, Cormier-Daire V, Lapierre JM, Colleaux L, Jacquemont S, Genevieve D et al. Deletion of the SIM1 gene (6q16.2) in a patient with a Prader–Willi-like phenotype. J Med Genet 2002; 39: 594–596.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  10. Cole TJ, Freeman JV, Preece MA . British 1990 growth reference centiles for weight, height, body mass index and head circumference fitted by maximum penalized likelihood. Stat Med 1998; 17: 407–429.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  11. Williams DR, Wareham NJ, Brown DC, Byrne CD, Clark PM, Cox BD et al. Undiagnosed glucose intolerance in the community: the Isle of Ely Diabetes Project. Diabetes Med 1995; 12: 30–35.

    Article Google Scholar

  12. Wareham NJ, Byrne CD, Williams R, Day NE, Hales CN . Fasting proinsulin concentrations predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: 262–270.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  13. Chrast R, Scott HS, Chen H, Kudoh J, Rossier C, Minoshima S et al. Cloning of two human hom*ologs of the Drosophila single-minded gene SIM1 on chromosome 6q and SIM2 on 21q within the Down syndrome chromosomal region. Genome Res 1997; 7: 615–624.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  14. Erbel P J, Card PB, Karakuzu O, Bruick RK, Gardner KH . Structural basis for PAS domain heterodimerization in the basic helix–loop–helix-PAS transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 15504–15509.

    Article Google Scholar

  15. Atwood LD, Heard-Costa NL, Cupples LA, Jaquish CE, Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB . Genomewide linkage analysis of body mass index across 28 years of the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 71: 1044–1050.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  16. Meyre D, Lecoeur C, Delplanque J, Francke S, Vatin V, Durand E et al. A genome-wide scan for childhood obesity-associated traits in French families shows significant linkage on chromosome 6q22.31–q23.2. Diabetes 2004; 53: 803–811.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  17. Duggirala R, Blangero J, Almasy L, Arya R, Dyer TD, Williams KL et al. A major locus for fasting insulin concentrations and insulin resistance on chromosome 6q with strong pleiotropic effects on obesity-related phenotypes in nondiabetic Mexican Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68: 1149–1164.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  18. Abney M, Ober C, McPeek MS . Quantitative-trait hom*ozygosity and association mapping and empirical genomewide significance in large, complex pedigrees: fasting serum-insulin level in the Hutterites. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70: 920–934.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

  19. Ghosh S, Watanabe RM, Valle TT, Hauser ER, Magnuson VL, Langefeld CD et al. The Finland–United States Investigation of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Genetics (FUSION) Study. I. An autosomal genome scan for genes that predispose to type 2 diabetes. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1174–1185.

    CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

  20. Ehm MG, Karnoub MC, Sakul H, Gottschalk K, Holt DC, Weber JL et al. Genomewide search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in four American populations. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 66: 1871–1881.

    Article CAS Google Scholar

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (ISF, NJW, SOR) and the MRC (SOR, NJW). The Ely Study was funded by the Diabetes UK and the Anglia and Oxford Research Development Directorate. We thank the subjects, referring Physicians and the staff of the Ely Study research clinics.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Departments of Medicine and Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK

    C-C C Hung,J M Keogh,S O'Rahilly&I S Farooqi

  2. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    J Luan,M Sims&N J Wareham

  3. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK

    C Hall

Authors

  1. C-C C Hung

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  2. J Luan

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  3. M Sims

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  4. J M Keogh

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  5. C Hall

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  6. N J Wareham

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  7. S O'Rahilly

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

  8. I S Farooqi

    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S O'Rahilly.

Rights and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hung, CC., Luan, J., Sims, M. et al. Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits. Int J Obes 31, 429–434 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803443

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803443

Keywords

  • genetics
  • SIM1
  • hyperphagia
  • hypothalamus
  • transcription factor
  • childhood

This article is cited by

Studies of the SIM1 gene in relation to human obesity and obesity-related traits (2024)
Top Articles
How to Win Keno: 9 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow
Best Keno Strategies That Work In 2024
Automated refuse, recycling for most residences; schedule announced | Lehigh Valley Press
Kostner Wingback Bed
Windcrest Little League Baseball
Pnct Terminal Camera
Occupational therapist
Falgout Funeral Home Obituaries Houma
Words From Cactusi
Crime Scene Photos West Memphis Three
Acbl Homeport
Bme Flowchart Psu
Craigslist Chautauqua Ny
Lqse-2Hdc-D
Sport Clip Hours
A Guide to Common New England Home Styles
7 Low-Carb Foods That Fill You Up - Keto Tips
Belly Dump Trailers For Sale On Craigslist
Magic Mike's Last Dance Showtimes Near Marcus Cedar Creek Cinema
Missed Connections Dayton Ohio
Northern Whooping Crane Festival highlights conservation and collaboration in Fort Smith, N.W.T. | CBC News
"Une héroïne" : les funérailles de Rebecca Cheptegei, athlète olympique immolée par son compagnon | TF1 INFO
Abortion Bans Have Delayed Emergency Medical Care. In Georgia, Experts Say This Mother’s Death Was Preventable.
Trac Cbna
Prosser Dam Fish Count
Andhrajyothy Sunday Magazine
Jeff Now Phone Number
U Of Arizona Phonebook
Puretalkusa.com/Amac
How to Make Ghee - How We Flourish
D2L Brightspace Clc
Gs Dental Associates
Bleacher Report Philadelphia Flyers
Safeway Aciu
Courtney Roberson Rob Dyrdek
Duke Energy Anderson Operations Center
Club Keno Drawings
Etowah County Sheriff Dept
The 38 Best Restaurants in Montreal
Are you ready for some football? Zag Alum Justin Lange Forges Career in NFL
Albertville Memorial Funeral Home Obituaries
Cookie Clicker The Advanced Method
Casamba Mobile Login
Cocorahs South Dakota
Csgold Uva
Arch Aplin Iii Felony
A rough Sunday for some of the NFL's best teams in 2023 led to the three biggest upsets: Analysis
Craigslist Sparta Nj
91 East Freeway Accident Today 2022
Famous Dave's BBQ Catering, BBQ Catering Packages, Handcrafted Catering, Famous Dave's | Famous Dave's BBQ Restaurant
Shad Base Elevator
Honeybee: Classification, Morphology, Types, and Lifecycle
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Chrissy Homenick

Last Updated:

Views: 5867

Rating: 4.3 / 5 (74 voted)

Reviews: 81% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Chrissy Homenick

Birthday: 2001-10-22

Address: 611 Kuhn Oval, Feltonbury, NY 02783-3818

Phone: +96619177651654

Job: Mining Representative

Hobby: amateur radio, Sculling, Knife making, Gardening, Watching movies, Gunsmithing, Video gaming

Introduction: My name is Chrissy Homenick, I am a tender, funny, determined, tender, glorious, fancy, enthusiastic person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.